1.1.1 Explain PCB types, materials, and manufacturing standards.

What is a PCB?

A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a board made from an insulating material with conductive copper tracks used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components.

A PCB replaces many individual wires in an electronic circuit and provides an organized, reliable, and compact method of connecting components.

Main functions of a PCB

• Provides mechanical support for components
• Provides electrical connections
• Provides conductive paths between components
• Helps organize electronic circuits
• Allows easier testing and maintenance
• Improves reliability and repeatability
• Reduces wiring complexity

Basic PCB structure

PCB consists of:

1. Substrate/base material
2. Copper layer
3. Solder mask
4. Silkscreen
5. Surface finish

Basic layers of a printed circuit board (PCB):

• Substrate: The rigid insulating base that provides mechanical support. Usually made from materials such as fiberglass and epoxy.